| Table 3. Zapotec deities in Oaxaca, 16th–20th centuries |
Deities in
Córdova 1578
(Smith-Stark) |
Diego Luis'
1654 statement,
S. Miguel Sola |
S. Miguel Sola
name variants,
ca. 1654 |
Iconographic
correlations
(Sellen) |
AGI 882,
Booklet 100, 1704
(Tavárez) |
AGI 882,
Booklet 101, 1704
(Tavárez) |
Loxicha
calendar
(Weitlaner) |
Huitepec
calendar
(Van Meer) |
| |
1. Liraa quitzino
"God 13,
supreme deity" |
Liraa chino
AGN Inq. 437-I-3:88r;
Lira quichino
AGN Inq. 571:399r |
Glyph U,
Mask 5,
(same as Cozàana) |
Queechino
(Song 9) |
Betao ichinoo
(Song 6) |
Ndozin
"god 13" |
Natoriño |
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2. Licuicha Niyoa
"god of hunters" |
Liquicha Coquieta
Propitiated
before hunt,
AGN Inq. 571:399r |
|
Cobicha
(Song 1) |
Cobicha
(Song 9) |
Ndo'yet
"novena god" |
Lguachoriñe |
6a. Pitào quille pitào yàge
"god of riches,
merchants" |
3. Coquee Laa
"god of riches" |
Coquie Laa
"cochineal advocate"
AGN Inq. 437-I-3:89v |
Glyph X,
Mask 6,
Costume 3 |
|
|
Beydo
"god of riches
& well-being" |
Oguilo |
7. Pitào cozòbi,
"harvest god" |
4. Loçucui
"god of maize &
all foodstuffs" |
|
Glyph L,
Mask 2,
Costume 1 |
Gozobi tao
(Song 9)
Xonaxi Gozobi tao
(Song 12) |
|
Ndubdo
"maize god" |
Osucui |
2. Pitào pezèelào
"underworld god,
main devil" |
5. Leraa Huila
"underworld god" |
Coquie Cabila,
"underworld god"
AGN Inq. 437-I-3:95r |
Xicani glyph,
Mask 2 |
Becelao dao
(Songs 6, 12) |
|
Kedo
"King of evil,
evil god" |
Natobilia |
4. Pitào huichàana,
"god of children
& procreation" |
6. Nohuichana
"goddess of rivers,
fish, pregnant women" |
|
Glyph P,
Mask 9 |
Huichana dao,
(Song 3)
Huichana quiag lao
(Song 6) |
|
Ndan
"ancestors' god" |
Bichana |
8. Pitào xicàla
"god of dreams"
8a. Pixèe pecàla
"lust-inciting demon" |
7. Lexee
"sorcerers &
thieves' god" |
|
Glyph F,
Mask 7 |
|
|
Mse
"Evil god" |
Bexu |
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8. Nonachi
"illness god" |
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Mbaz
"earth god" |
Yuache |
9. Cociio,
"rain god" |
9. Loçio
"thunder god" |
|
Glyph M,
Mask 1 |
Gaa Gocio
(9 Cociyos)
(Song 10) |
Gocio
(Song 7) |
Mdi
"rain god" |
Yocio,
lgosioó, osio |
| |
10. Xonatzi Huilia
Leera Huila's wife,
illlness/death goddess |
|
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1. Pitào cozàana,
"god of animals
& the hunt"
Cozàana tào,
"god creator
of everything" |
11. Cosana
"the ancestors' god,
in the watery depths,"
propitiated before
fishing |
Noçana guela
AGN Inq. 573:290r
Nosana queya,
"god of the deer,"
AGN Inq.571:393r |
Glyph U,
Mask 5,
(same as God 13) |
Coxana
(Songs 3, 6),
Betao çoxana
(Song 9) |
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1b. Coquì xee, coquì cìlla
"Lord of creation,
of dawn";
Nixèe nicíllani,
"Beginning of everything" |
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Nixee Tao Lopa
(Great Beginning
8/11 Dew)
(Songs 3, 5) |
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12. Leraa queche
"god of medicines" |
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13. Lira cuee
"god of medicines" |
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6. Pitào piizi
"divination god"
6b. Pitào zii pitào yàa
"god of misery
and losses"
6c. Pitào tèe
"god of evil" |
|
Leraa Huisi
"diviners' god"
AGN Inq. 571-13:313r |
Glyph Y
Mask 4 |
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3. Pitào xòo
"god of earthquakes" |
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5. Coquì lào
"god of chicken" |
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8. Pitao xicala,
"god of dreams" |
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