Combined Dictionary-Concordance of the Yucatecan Mayan Language

VOCABULARIO

MUY COPIOSO EN LENGUA ESPAÑ OLA Y MAYA DE YUCATAN

COMPUESTO

Por Fr. ALONSO de la SOLANA DE LA ORDEN DE .N.P.S. FRANCISCO   MERIDA - 1580

Abbreviations used:

BMTV: Bocabulario de Maya Than de Viena.

CMM: Calepino Maya de Motul (Motul Mayan-Spanish Dictionary).

DESF: Diccionario Español-Maya de San Francisco.

DMM: Diccionario Maya de Motul (Motul Spanish-Mayan Dictionary).

Notes on symbols used:

The symbol [....] generally indicates a change in the reading of the mss. However,

The symbol [....], when noted, indicates material found only in the DESF.

The symbol <....> indicates material found only in the DMM.

The symbol {....} indicates material found only in the Solana.

The Solana, Motul Spanish-Mayan

and San Francisco Spanish-Mayan Dictionaries

Of the various Mayan-Spanish and Spanish-Mayan dictionaries of the Mayan language of Yucatan which are generally available for study, only two are for the most part identical, indicating that they are both copies of an earlier and presently unavailable work. These two dictionaries are the Motul Spanish-Mayan Dictionary (Vocabulario en la Lengua de Maya, often referred to as Motul II) now at Brown University Library, and the Solana Dictionary (Vocabulario muy Copioso en Lengua Española e Maya de Yucatan) now in the library of the Hispanic Society of America.

Neither of these dictionaries is complete. The Motul II is missing the following folios: 85-104, 161, 171-174, 209-216, and 233. The Solana on the other hand gives the appearance of being complete, but the last entries starting with the word "vulgar" consist of the Spanish headings only without the Mayan equivalents. Upon comparing the entries from the two dictionaries it becomes apparent that in fact the problem begins with the word "visar cosa, cuxan." (Solana) / "viva cosa: cuxan." (Motul II). From that point on the copyist or restorer of the Solana had difficulties in reading the manuscript which he was working on, and later perhaps had run out of manuscript all together and was trying to fill in the remainder of the alphabet. Alternatively, perhaps the last page of the Solana was missing and a restorer tired to give the impression that the dictionary is complete by adding a false page. (See below for the comparative listing of this problem.)

There is yet a third dictionary which upon closer inspection shows that it is also derived from the same original dictionary which is the basis for the Solana and the Motul II. It is the Spanish-Mayan portion of the Diccionario de San Francisco.

The San Francisco Spanish-Mayan Dictionary

In 1855 Juan Pío Pérez had in his possession a Mayan-Spanish / Spanish-Mayan dictionary from the library of Dr. Juan María Meneses y Aivaro. Pérez mentions in the introduction to his copy of the San Francisco Dictionary that he had seen this dictionary on a couple of occasions, once in 1836 and then again in 1848. This dictionary is now known as the Diccionario de San Francisco, so named because it was taken from the library of the Convent of San Francisco of Merida when that convent was disbanded in the 1820's. The dictionary itself is now lost, but a copy was made by Pérez in the late 1850's or perhaps early 1860's. This copy is presently in the Middle-American collection at Tulane University.

Unfortunately, Pérez had the habit of reordering the dictionaries he worked on according to "modern" spelling and alphabetical practices, so at first glance it seems that the Spanish-Mayan portion of this dictionary (sometimes referred to as the San Francisco II), while bearing great similarity to the Solana / Motul II Dictionary, is a different dictionary. However, upon closer examination, comparing these dictionaries entry by entry, it is clear that in fact the Spanish-Mayan portion of the San Francisco Dictionary is the same as these other two dictionaries.

As far as can be ascertained, the San Francisco Dictionary itself has disappeared. Given Carl Hermann Berendt's comments about the Pérez transcript which are given in the introduction to his copy of the Pérez transcript, it is a shame that the dictionary from which Pérez worked is no longer available, because it would be valuable to see the original and to see how Pérez changed the dictionary in his transcript.

The Ticul Spanish-Mayan Dictionary

In 1836 Pérez copied a vocabulary which was found amongst the baptismal records in the church at Ticul. He rearranged it in 1847, and this rearranged copy was published posthumously in 1898. The Ticul Dictionary was dated January 26, 1690. While the author's name is not given, it should be noted that Fr. Gabriel de San Buenaventura was active at this time, and Beltrán mentions him as being a writer of both a Mayan-Spanish dictionary and a Spanish-Mayan dictionary, as well as the writer of the grammar from which Beltrán was working while making his own grammar.

At first glance the Ticul Dictionary seems to be quite different from the dictionaries mentioned above. However, by the time one gets to the words beginning the letters "Al" it becomes noticeable that the Motul II / Solana / SF II dictionaries are running almost the identical entries as the Ticul. It become evident that in the Pérez transcript of the Ticul Pérez has rearraigned the alphabetical sequence of the Ticul according to the "modern" method, as he states in the introductory pages to the Ticul. Furthermore, it would appear that the either the ms. from which Pérez was working was badly damaged, or the ms. from which the writer of the Ticul was copying was badly damaged, including lost pages or parts of pages, and that someone supplied what he presumed was the missing material. That would explain why parts of the Ticul are very different from the Motul II / Solana / SF II and why other parts are almost identical.

As will be noted below, it is evident that in order to ensure that a transcript of the Solana Dictionary is as complete as possible, all four source works must be consulted, with the Solana and Motul II dictionaries supplying the basis from which the transcript is made, and the SF II and Ticul supplying corrections and additional information.

The Friars Alonso de Solana and Gaspar de Nájera

Friars Alonso de Solana and Gaspar de Nájera were contemporaries of Friar Diego de Landa. Some notes on the life of Solana was written up by Friar Bernardo de Lizana in his book Devocionario De Nuestra Señora De Izamal y Conquista espiritual de Yucatán, published in 1633, and some notes about the positions held by Nájera are to be found in Cogolludo's book Historia de la Provincia de Yucathan, published in 1688. It is apparent from these two works that Solana arrived in Yucatan in about 1560 and died in 1600 or 1601. While it is not clear when Nájera arrived in Yucatan, it is clear that he was active in the 1580's. It is also known that he made a trip from Yucatan to Spain carrying with him a letter dated January 6, 1580, in which he is mentioned as being the person who was most knowledgeable about matters concerning the Maya. He is last mentioned in Cogolludo as being elected as a "definidor" for the year of 1603.

The frontispiece of the Solana dictionary gives the name of the author as being Fr. Alonso de la Solana, and the date of composition as being 1580. Lizana confirms that Solana was responsible for a "Bocaulario", and so despite doubts raised by some researchers, it is not unreasonable to assume that the Solana "Bocabulario" mentioned by Lizana and the Hispanic Society's Solana Dictionary are one and the same.

Attention is brought to Friar Gaspar de Nájera because of the following entry on page 58v of the Motul II:

Corromper virgen: çatçah çuhuyil; yet vayte; yax than; yax et vayte. Estos dos vltimos son dos conosidos segun diçe el Padre Najara.

It is not clear what role Nájera had in the formation of this "Bocabulario". However, René Acuña (personal communication) conjectures that Solana and Nájera worked together, with Solana making the Spanish-Mayan vocabulary now known as the Solana and Motul II, and Nájera making a Mayan-Spanish vocabulary which may be now lost. Perhaps though, as mentioned above in the discussion about the San Francisco Dictionary, since the Spanish-Mayan part of the San Francisco Dictionary is the same as the Solana / Motul II Dictionary, it thus could be possible that the Mayan-Spanish portion of the San Francisco Dictionary is the vocabulary of Nájera.

The Controversy over the Solana Dictionary

Gates, and apparently at his instigation Thompson, have cast some unwarranted aspersions on the Hispanic Society's copy of the Solana. It was Thompson's claim that the Solana was in the Brigham Young University Library (Thompson 1960, 337), which may well have come from Gates' opinion in later life that he had the Solana (Thompson 1973, 65), but Thompson later noted that the Solana was not to be found at the BYU Library nor in the Princeton Gates-Garrett Collection, and further that he had seen the Hispanic Society's Solana (Thompson 1962, 14). It may well be that Gates got a glimpse of the then Huntington owned Solana Dictionary, or of at least some parts of it, and became aware that he had already reproduced nearly the same thing in a photographic copy earlier this century (about 1915) in the form of the Motul II Dictionary.

Part of the controversy might well stem from the fact that there has been an obvious effort on the part of some unknowledgeable restorer to restore damaged paper and the writing lost on the area which had been destroyed in the Hispanic Society's copy of the Solana Dictionary. For example, starting with the word Aborreçedor on page 2 of the Solana, the left-hand margin for this entry and the next four entries was damaged. The person who repaired the manuscript tried to supply the Spanish glosses, but did so incorrectly. Later on in the Solana on page 228, as will be noted below, starting with "viva cosa: cuxan" (Motul II) / "visar cosa, cuxan." (Solana), the restorer of the Solana could not read the left-hand portion of the entries which he was restoring, and in an effort to fill in the Spanish words used an unrelated and incorrect series of words.

Comparison of the Solana

and Motul II Dictionaries

Because of the similarity of these three dictionaries it seems safe to say that to use one without consulting the others would be an over-sight. This is especially true in the case of the Motul II Dictionary, since the Solana supplies material which is missing from the Motul II in the form of the missing pages.

To give the reader an indication of how the Solana and Motul II Dictionaries are related to each other, the following parallel passages are presented. These passages are chosen not only to show where the two dictionaries agree, but also to show where they differ. The first passage is from the beginning page. The second is from where the Motul II is missing the largest number of pages (folios 85-104). Actually folios 83-84 seemed also at one point to have been missing because the hand on these two folios is different from the one which wrote the rest of Motul II, and may well have been a later attempt to fill in the missing material. This added material is actually a rather inaccurate copy of pages 72v-73v of the Bocalubario de Maya Than (Vienna Dictionary). An analysis of the paper is needed to tell us whether in fact these two folios where added at a later date. In any case, the writer of these two folios only worked on des--- words, and at that didn't finish out the versus side of folio 84. The third passage is from where the Motul II begins again on folio 105. Finally, the last passage is from near the end of the two dictionaries to show the problems which the copyist or restorer of the Solana manuscript encountered as he approached the end of the manuscript.

Motul II, page 1r Solana, page 1r

vocabulario en la lengua bocabulario en lengua

de Maya Maya

a ante b

a proposicion, ti. Vt. A. Preposicion, ti.

A, preposicion por cerca:

yican: nadzan

aa. L. Ee. Assi que eso

pasa. Es como

admiracion

aha: no lo dezia yo. L.

No -----ia yo de loger

abadesa: ix kin. Abadesa de kin

v chhun vthan v chun vthan

abahar: auex. Ti abahar ou--xte,

abalancarse: pic chhinba: abalancarse, pic chinba,

pulba: cithpom pulba, cith pan

abarcar entre los brazos: abracar entre los bracos.

Mek: holmek.T. Mek. Holmekte.

Abarcar entre las manos y abarcar entre las manos y

latal abarcada. Lot latal abarcada. Lot.

Abarca, y qual quier calcado abarca y qual quier calsado

de cuero: keulel xanab de cuero. Keulel xanab

abarcar barro en la pared abarrar barro en la pared

arrojandolo: pakchin.T. Arrojandolo. Pak chhinte

pak pul.T. Pak pu---

abarrer o arrebañar: volmoll: abarrer o arebañar. Vol mol

haymol hay mol

abatida cosa: cabal cunan. Abatida cosa. Cabal cunan

abatimiento: cabal cunanil abatimiento. Cabal cunanil

abatirse o abajarse: emcahba abatirse o abaxarse. Emcahba

abajo: ti cab: cabal abaxo. Ticab. Cabal

vide ----: bajura,

descender

abajarse algo: ti cab hal: abaxarse algo. Ti cab hal.

Cabalhal; emel ti cab cabalhal. Emel ti cab

abajar anssi: ti cab cunah: abaxar ansi. Ti cab cunah.

Cabalcunah / 1v cabal cunah emcah

etc.

The Motul II is more complete than the Solana at the very beginning and there are indications that the Solana copyist was having difficulties with his text, but on the whole there are not many significant differences.

Next are the last few entries on Motul II 82v leading up to the change in handwriting and a few of the entries from the new handwriting on Motul II 83r.

Motul II, page 82v Solana, page 87

desposar los hijos: dzathan desposar los hijos. Dzathan,

kaxthan kax than

desposado: kam vinic: desposado. Kam vinic.

Podz vinic. Podz vinic.

Desposada: idem.

Desposorio: podz vinicil. Desposorio. Podz vinicil.

Desposarse: kamnicte. Desposarse. Kam nicte.

Desposar a otro administran- desposar aotro administran-

dole: atanzah. Dose. Atanzah

despoasr muger anssi: desposar muger ansi:

ichamzah ichamzah

despreciar: ppaz.T: may ich: despreciar, ppazte. May ich,

vide: desdeñar, vide, desdeñar

me nospreciar: denostar menospreciar

despues: catoy: catoy be: despues, catoy, catoy be,

cat vale: cat vale

despues: heca: preposicion /83r despues, heca, preposicion,

different hand starting on page 83r

despues, advo de --- pas---: despues que. Tuchij ca

catun, caytun. Despues de comer,

despues, ala postre Tu pach tun tupach hanal.

Despues de. Tu chijca. Dzocoto hanal

despumar, quitar la espuma. Despues quenaci, inzihci-

lukzah sus uom. Despulgar. Chuc chhic.

Desquitarse vengarse chhatoh.T. Chuc uk

pacba. Despuntar lapunta o lo agudo

destajo enla obra chhaa menyah. Pochholye

destechar casa paja: paana desrrauado. Culne.

Destechada casa assi: paabilna desrrengarse, kechel.

Kechtal.

etc.

As can be seen, the two texts are parallel up to Motul II 83r, but from that point on for the next two folios the two texts have almost nothing in common.

The Motul II continues on for the next two page and a half, ending with the entry "desviarse: udzba. Hauba. Lukul. Udzaba tela. Ba", and then jumps to folio 105. The Solana continues uninterruptted and picks up the Motul II definitions of page 105r on Solana page 103. A few of the Solana definitions are given as a lead-in.

Motul II, page 105r Solana, page 103

entender y entendimiento.

Naat.

Entender lo queotro dice,

nucte, chhamauc.

Vide, chhanuc than

entenderse algo delo que

dice. Mamak mamak v

com hal v than

entera mente. Tulacal.

Es generico

entera cosa parylesa,

ix matal

entera cosa que nada lefalta: entera cosa que nadalefalta:

dzacan: dzacan

entero como fruta: tuliz: entero como fruta. Tuliz.

Voliz: voliz.

Entero como animal: tu colol: entero como animal. Tucotol.

Cotliz cotliz.

Entero, vide: sano: todo entero

ento rrocerse como cogollo,

vide: tierno:

enterrar: muc: muczah enterrar. Muc. Muc zah

enterrador de muertos:

ah muc zah

enterrar somero: hay muc.T. Enterrar somero. Hay mucte

entibiarse: kinkinalhal entibiarse. Kin kinal hal

entibiar: kinkinalcunah entibiar. Kinkinal cunah.

Entibiarse enelpropio sitio: entibiarse enelproposito.

Cayehalol cayehal ol

entibiar, vide: enfriar:

resfriar: tibia.

Entodas partes: taba: entodas partes. Tataba

tuzinil: tuzinil

hunxaman hunchikin hunxaman hun chikin

vide: dondequiera:

entomecerse, o adormecerse algun

mienbro, vide: ador mecerse

entonces: tij: tijtun entonces. Tij. Tij tun.

Entonces, o en aquel tiempo: entonces o en aquel tpo.

Tijchitukinil tijchi tukinil

entonarse consoberuia: ciz entonarse ensoueruia. Ciz

= ciz vcah juan ciz v cah jun,

etc.

As can be seen here, typically the Motul II has some extra entries, especially of the vide or idem type, but on the whole there is basically little difference between the two manuscripts.

Finally, a look at the entries near the end of the two manuscripts showing the beginning of confusion as mentioned above.

Motul II, page 234r Solana, page 228

visitar: -- thibah vissitar, thibah

visitar y consolar: ppum vissitar y consolar. Ppum.

Visitar los pueblos: thibah vissiar los pueblos. Thibah

cah: xoytah cah: zutcah cah. Xoytah cah, zut cah

visita sugeta alconuento: visita sujeta al conuto,

cuchcabal cuch cabal

visitar los lazos: mab.T. Vissitar los lazos. Mabte.

Vision, ofantasma: manab. Vision o fantasm--, manab

visiones ver: manabchi.T. Visaga: be--- manab chite

visiones ver como entre visiomes be-- como entre

sueños: nay.T. Sueños. Nayte

vista dequalquier cosa: vision de --al quiera cosa.

Pacat pacat.

Viva cosa: cuxan. Visar cosa, cuxan.

Viuda: ah cin icham: visora, ah cimycham,

ixmaicham ixmaicham

viudo: ahcim atan: visado, ah cim atan.

Ixma atan ixma atan

viudez deella: ixmaichamil vista-- deella. Ixmaichamil

vivir, o morar en casa o pueblo,

vide: morar.

Vivir, vide: vida:

vizco de los ojos: zat vuich vista delos ojos zat vuich

vizcocho, o pan tostado: vista de ojos roan tostado.

Oppbiluah oppbilvah

vizcochar: oppcinah uah. Vistuario opp cinah vah

vmana cosa, vmanidad: vituallas y humanidad,

vinicil /234v vinicil

vmanas obras: vini---- vituperta vinicil be

vmeda cosa o mojada: dzom vizconde o mojada. Dzom.

Dzuucnac: dzaacnac dzuucnac. Dzaacnac

vmedecerse anssi: dzoomil vocativo dzomil

dzuucnacil dzuucnacil

vmedad anssi: dzoomil voluntad dzoomil

dzuucnachil. Dzuucnachil,

vmeda tierra empapada en agua: voluntario ----pada enagua.

Yukucnac luum yukucnac luum

vmedecerse como la hostia en volar dar el voto ---ia en

la boca: pukul. La boca, pukul

vmilde: ah thontal: ah chintal: voto desto manera ah chintal

ah thoncinahba ahthon cinah b. /229

With the page 229 of Solana the copyist or restorer gives up trying to figure out what he is working on, and gives only a list of Spanish words.

Vmilmente: tu dzaabal thontal vulgar

vmilarse: thontal: chinntal: vulgarmente

thoncinahba vuestra cosa

vmillar a otro: thoncunba:

chincunab. X ante v

vmillarse, vide: derribarse xabon

postrando: hincar las xabonera yerva

rodillas. Xaquima

etc.

It is interesting to note that starting with "viva cosa: cuxan" (Motul II) / "visar cosa, cuxan." (Solana) the copyist or perhaps the restorer of the Solana couldn't read the left-hand portion of the entries which he was working on, and in an effort to fill in the list used a series of words, perhaps from another dictionary, to fill in the voids. Obviously this person didn't know Mayan, or he would have, one should think, known that for "ah cim icham" and "ah cim atan" "viuda" and "viudo" would have been the proper words.

It seems evident that neither of these two dictionaries is a copy of the other, but that each is a copy of some older source or even perhaps of older copies of some even earlier source. It would seem that the Solana could not be a copy of the Motul II dating from a time when the Motul II was complete (if indeed there ever was such a time) because otherwise the Solana copyist wouldn't have had the problems which he did with the last pages since the Motul II is clear enough to copy from. On the other hand, the Motul II couldn't have been copied from the Solana or the final pages would have been defective also.

Bibliography

Bocabulario de Maya Than

1993. Published by Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas,

UNAM, México D.F., México.

Lizana, Fray Bernardo de

1893. Historia de Yucatan. Museo Nacional de Mexico,

Mexico.

Motul Spanish-Mayan Dictionary

N.D. Photocopy from a Gates reproduction at Tozzer Library,

Cambridge, Mass.

Solana Dictionary

N.D. Hispanic Society manuscript number b2005, microfilm

provided by the Hispanic Society of Amarica, New York,

N.Y.

Thompson, J.E.S.

1960. Maya Hieroglyphic Writing, 1960, Norman, Oklahoma.

1962. El misterio del Diccionario Maya de Solana, in

Estudios de Cultura Maya, Vol II, Mexico, D.F.

1973. After the smoke of battle: a colleague's assessment,

in William E. Gates, published by University Archives,

Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.

DMM Page 1r Solana Page 1

Vocabulario en la lengua de

- Maya -

- A -

A, preposiçion: ti. <[¶] Vt: a, preposiçion por çerca: [ta]can; nedzan.

Aa .l. ee: assi que esso pasa. es como amiracion.

Aha: no lo dezia yo .l. no os auia yo de coger.>

Abadesa: ix kin; v chun v than [ix kinob].

Abahar: ouox.t. [¶ ouoxte u kab ca kinlac: abajate las manos, &.]

Abalançarse: pic chhinba; pulba; çithpom.

Abarcar entre los braços: mek; hol mek.t.

Abarcar entre las manos y la tal abarcada: lot.

Abarca, y qualquier calçado de cuero: keulel xanab,

Abar[raj]ar barro en la pared arrojandolo: pak chhin.t.; pak pul.t.

Abarrer o arrebañar: volmol: haymol.

Abatida cosa: cabalcunan.

Abatamiento: cabalcunanil.

Abatirse o abajarse: emçah ba.

Abajo: ti cab; cabal. <Vide: infra; bajura; deçender.>

Abajarse algo: ti cabhal; cabalhal; emel ti cab.

Abajarse anssi: ti cabcunah; cabalcunah.

DMM Page 1v

Abajar la cabeça o humillarse: thontal; chintal. ¶ actiuos: thoncinah pol; chincunah pol.

Abajarse o inclinarse algo: chinil; thoyol.

<Abajarse o agouiarse el hombre: vide: agouiarse.>

Abeja: yilkil cab.

Abeja pequeña que no tiene forma: çac mamac.

Abejarron: holon.

Abejon que se come el [he]necen: [ah max].

[Abejorro que mata la vibora: kan yika[l]. Otro que pica: balam cab.]

Abentar o haçer viento: picit; pictah. ¶ Vide: viento.

Abertura o hendedura: vakal; hetel; hatal.

Abierta cosa generalmente: hean; heecnac. ¶ Vide infra: abrir.

Abierto siempre: hunkul hean.

Abierto como flor: toppan; xitan.

Abierto como boca de bibora: hapacnac v chi; ppaacnac v chi.

Abil para aprender: tak ol ti cambal; ah kool; ah iktan.

Abilidad anssi: iktanil; takolil.

Abispa que pica: xux.

Abispero: v pak xux: yotoch xux.

Abismo: v dzonotil; v chhen tamil.

Ablandarse como[quiera]: kuunhal. ¶ Vide: tierno.

Ablandar anssi: kuuncinah; kuunçah.

Ablandar como çera calentandola: al kaak.t.

DMM Page 2r / Solana Page 2

Ablandar a pulgaradas: yoth; [bolon yoth].

Ablandarse mucho como yerbas cozidas: maakmal; hokmal.

Ablandarse o madurarse la llaga: dzumal; dzumul; puhhal; luumal.

Ablandar o madurar anssi: dzumçah.

Abocados: nichhbil. ¶ Vide: bocado; comer a bocados.

Abogar o rogar por algo: mamac kab.t.

Abogar o rogar: okotba.

Abogado que ruega: ah okotba.

Abogar o favoreçer de alguno: {lath than}; mac koch; cach yatzil, cach than.

Abogado de pleitos: v kulel tza; mahan kulel.

Abollarse cosas huecas: vppul.

Abollar anssi: vpp.

Abollar con piedra: vpp tun.t.

Abollar con golpe de palo o otro instrumento: ta hadz.

Abollar con el pie: vpp chek.t.

[Abolorio o linaje por via recta masculina: chhibal; kilal cabil.]

Abominar; mal dezir: lolob than.

Abominar o aborrezer: ppec: kuxbah. ¶ Vide: aborreçer.

Abominable cosa: {ppectayen; vaytayen, tinbantzil.

Abominable haçerse}: ppectayenhal.

Abominable hazer: ppectayencunah.

Abonar; hazer algo bueno: vtzcinah; tibilcunah.

Abonar alguna persona diziendo bien de ella: vtzcinah pectzil.

DMM Page 2v

Abonar en deuda o fiar: ocçah than; uatal yokol. ¶ Vide: fiar.

Abonado para pagar: yan v baluba; ayikal.

Abonar el tiempo: lemel.

Abonado tiempo: [leman]; lemecnac; [cupan]; cupucnac.

Aborrecer: kuxbah; ppec; nocoltah. ¶ Vide: odio; abominar. Odioso: nach pach.

Aborreçible cosa: ppectzil; ppecben; ppecbentzil.

Aborreçedor: kux ti vinic; ah ppec ti vinic.

Abortar y [mo]berse: emel vinic; emel çihil.

Abortar hazer: emçah uinic; emçah al.

Abortiva: cim çian; {cimen çian}.

[Aborujar;] arebujar: volyah; tolyah. [¶] Vt: vovoli. ¶ Vide: arebujar.

Abotonar: kal botones. ¶ Vide: abrochar.

Abotonada: kalan ti botones.

Abraçar como quiera: mek.

Abraçar de repente: hol mek.t.

Abraçar de coraçon y boluntad: holmektah ti ol.

[Abrazar apretando el cuerpo: can mek.]

Abrasar o quemar: elçah.

Abrasarse: elel.

Abrasar o asar echando sobre las brasas: chel chuc.t.

Solana Page 3

Abreviarse algo: comhal.

Abreviar: comcinah; [zebcunah].

Abreviar platica: <xul pul than>; {xupul than}.

Abreviatura: comcom dzib; akab dzib; balan dzib.

Abrigada cosa: kinal; kinan; [balan].

DMM Page 3r

Abrigar: kinalcunah; dza nok yokol.

Abrir generalmente: hee.

Abrirse: heebel; hepahal; hechahal.

Abrirse y cerrarse como ventana: hechalancil.

{Abrirse la llaga: chipahal; [hepahal].}

Abrirse las flores: toppol nicte; [toppancil]; xitil.

Abrirse como pared o cosa de barro: hetel; uakal; [buhul].

Abrirse las ganas de comer: hechahal cal; ho{l}chahal cal.

Abrir cosas conjuntas que facilmente se abren, como el ojo, llaga, maçorga, ettz: leb; ppec.

Abrir dejando carrera entre vna cosa y otra: heb.

Abrirse anssi como el agua del mar bermejo: hebchahal.

Abrir la cabeça: heu pol; hebeçah pol; [bebezah pol].

Abrir apartando las piernas: hech.

Abrir los braços o cosas dobladas: xith.

Abrir o desollar animal: ppez.

Abrir endiendo animal: hat kup.t.; hachh kup.t.; {cach kup.t.}.

Abrir camino de nuebo: hol be; holchetah be; topp be.

Abrir camino entre gente: heb be; hau be.

Abrir anssi camino entre yerbas con el pie: hauchektah be.

Abrir la boca: ppa chi.

Abrir los ojos: ppil ich. [¶] Vnde: ppippilac v uich; mumudzac v uich.

Abrir la bolsa: tic chim.

[Abrir carta: hit.ah.

Abrir de par en par: hepaytah.]

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Abrochar cosa que encaja como botones o corchetes: kal; kaleçah; lap.

Abrochar atando: tabçah.

Abrojo: cham ix nuc.

Abroquelarse o manpararse: hech ba. [¶] Vide: adargarse.

Absolution de pecados y absoluer: choch keban.

Abstenerse de deleites carnales: o ser casto: chhab.t. ba.

Aguelo: vide: aguelo.

A buen tienpo: tij; hach tij; ma kinkin. ¶ a buen tienpo bienes, has venido: ma kinkin a vulic; tu kin a [u]u[le]ch .l. {a} talel, a vulel.

A buen bocado, buen gemido: cij[lm]ac ol yavtauac.

Abujado o abohetado: poz; kanpoçen v uich; kanmethen v uich.

Abundante cosa: kaacnac; kinicnac; [thethecbal; hach yabal].

Abundançia: kaacnacil.

Abundar anssi: kaacnachal; kinicnachal.

Abundançia tener en comida. ¿avies cogido maiz?: ti huli uoch nalex.

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Aburarse: elel; [zahmal. y tostarse por el sol: zahmanzah u lee che.]

Aburandosa, o cosa que se abura: eelnac

Aburar algo: elçah.

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Abuso: id est; mal vso de algo: v kaçal be; çipil be; ma tij. ¶ no vsas vender tus palabras: ma tij yan a than.

Aca donde yo estoy: vaye.

Acabarse lo que se gasta: xupul; vyul. ¶ acerca de acabar: vide: cumplir.

Acabar de gastar anssi: xupçah; vyeçah.

Acabarse el pu[ebl]o por muerte: xupul ti cimil; hayal ti cimil.

Acabarse de hazer alguna obra: dzocol.

Acabar anssi: dzocçah.

Acabado de hazer: dzocan.

Acabarse de hazer algo perfectamente: dzoc lukul; dzoc lukanhal.

Acabar anssi: dzoc lukçah.

Acabada cosa ansi: dzoc lukan.

Acabadamente: ti dzoc lukanil.

Acabarse de andar el camino: xulel be.

Acabar o finir anssi: xuleçah.

Acabar o concluir: xulbeçah; dzocçah.

Acabarse cosa que va en rueda y se buelue a juntar: nu[pp]ul; nu[dz]ul.

Acabarse, detener la tela, o çerrarse: tuutul çacal.

A cada paso: man kin; num kin.

A cada casa: chichi na.

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A cada puerta: amal ti uol na.

A cada pueblo o ciudad: cahal cah; chinam chinam.

A cada vno: ti hunhuntul; ti hunhunppel.

Acaeçer y acaeçimienta: dza yuchul; dza yutzhal. ¶ Vide: aconteçer.

Acallar al que llora: chhilcunah.

Acalenturado con despereços: kuunlac; kuxlac.

Acanalado como reguerras o asurcado: tholen thol.

Acanalar anssi: tholentholcinah.

Acanalado o auellas: komenkom; komkomoc.

Acarrear colmenas o juntarlas: puut cab.

Acarrear acuestas: puut. Vnde: hunput, caput.

Acardenalado: yaxcunen yokol; takantakan yokol.

Acardenalarse: yaxcunenhal yokol.

Acaso: id est; sin pensar: [ix ma kin; ix mama kin].

Acaso venir: vide: venir acaso {y adesora: ix ma kin.}

Acatar o honrrar: tilizcunah.

Acatar o mirar: pacat.

Acaudalar hazienda: dzacçah balbail.

Acaudillar: auat pay.t.

<Açento, açechar, ettz: vease en la oja siguiente que comiença acusar.

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Açepillar, achacar, achicar: vease abajo despues de açutea.>

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[Aclarar algun licor: chalbezah; chalancunah.]

Aclararse alguna licor o agua: chalhal; chalanhal.

Aclarado anssi: chalan.

Aclararse o examinarse algun negoçio: pathal; nucpahal.

Aclarar anssi: patcunah; nucbeçah.

<Aclarado anssi: [patcunan, nucbeçan].>

Aclarar el tienpo quitandose las nubes: hatz muyal; dzic muyal.

Aclarado tienpo anssi: pik çaçil; yaxkolen. ¶ Vide: esclareçer.

Acobardarse: oyol ol; dzoy ol.

Acobardar: oyçah ol.

Acobardado: oyan yol. ¶ Vide: cobarde; desmayar.

Acoçear: cocoh chek.t.; coh chek.t.

Acoçes: cocoh chekbil.

Acoger o hospedar: hula.t. ¶ Vide: hospedar.

Acometer: co pulba; tohol ppiz ba.

Acompañar: lakintah; lakinah; vacunah; thul pach.

Acompañamiento y acompañarse: lakilancil.

Acompañar guiando: vacunah.

Aconsejar: halmah xicin. [¶] yalah in xicin.

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