Bitumen Sourcing in the Olmec Region

List of Figures

Figure   1.  Southern Gulf lowlands of Mesoamerica showing Olmec Heartland and study area.

Figure   2.  Archaeological bitumen.

Figure   3.  Location of field bitumen sample collections. (1) Jaltipan, seep; (6) La Cangrejera, seep; (7) Rancho Orel, seep; (8) Emilio Carranza, seep; (9) Paso Nuevo, seep; (11) Coatzacoalcos, beach; (13) San Cristóbal, seep; (14) Sayula, well; (16) La Concepción, seep; (20) San Carlos, seep.

Figure   4.  Bitumen seepage at Jaltipan.

Figure   5.  Bitumen seepage at Emilio Carranza.

Figure   6.  Location of archaeological bitumen samples. (101) El Remolino, El Bajío area, Profile Operation, Domestic Area-2; (102) El Remolino, El Bajío area, Profile Operation, Domestic Area-1; (103) El Azuzul, Represa; (104) Isla Alor, Unit 1; (105) Loma del Zapote; (106) Paso los Ortices, Unit 1, bitumen pit feature; (107) San Lorenzo, A4, Ilmenitas; (108) San Lorenzo, B3-5; (109) San Lorenzo, C3, Monument 14; (110) San Lorenzo, D4-22; (111) San Lorenzo, B3, Monument 57; (112) San Lorenzo, D5-31; (113) El Macayal, Unidad Villaseca; (114) La Nueva Abundancia, Pozo 12; (115) San Lorenzo, C5-6.

Figure   7.  Geochemical classification of field samples.

Figure   8.  Geochemical classification of archaeological samples.

Figure   9.  Steranes (m/z 217) and terpanes (m/z 191) distribution patterns in samples collected from (a) Emilio Carranza (#8, seep) and (b) San Lorenzo (#111, archaeological).

Figure 10.  Steranes (m/z 217) and terpanes (m/z 191) distribution patterns in samples collected from (a) La Concepción (#16, seep) and (b) Isla Alor (#104, archaeological).

Figure 11.  Group B.

Figure 12.  Group E.

Figure 13.  Group A.

Figure 14.  Group C.

Figure 15.  Group D.

Figure 16.  Network 1.

Figure 17.  Network 2.

Figure 18.  Network 3.

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